In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed rapidly for the application in various cancer treatments due to its specific merits such as minimal invasiveness, reduced multi-drug resistance, and decreased systemic toxicity. 5 – 8 However, the lactonic ring of HCPT is unstable and can be reversibly hydrolyzed when exposed to alkaline solution, which significantly enhances its solubility but seriously reduces the therapeutic efficacy. 4 Over the last few decades, HCPT has been proven to be very effective in many malignancies, such as breast, colon, lung, hepatocellular, and ovarian cancers. 3Ĭhemotherapeutic drug 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has an extensive spectrum of anticancer activity by inhibiting the pathway of nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I and religation of the cleaved DNA strand. 1, 2 At present, the various therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have been widely used to improve the outcome and survival in patients with advanced cancer. According to the GLOBOCAN database, about 9.6 million cancer deaths have occurred in the year 2018, and the number of which will continue to rise and reach an estimated 13.1 million cancer deaths in 2030.
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